The first devices identified as guns or proto-guns appeared in China from around AD 1000.
By the end of the 13th century, they had become "true guns," metal
barrel firearms that fired single projectiles which occluded the barrel.
Gunpowder and gun technology spread throughout Eurasia during the 14th
century.
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Overview. The invention of guns followed the development of the explosive black powder in China. The first guns were simple tubes from which to shoot explosive charges, but gradually they were made easier to load, aim, and fire.
The general classification of firearms can be based on the following criteria: Level of harm they produce. Lethal - designed with the intent to eventually kill the target. Non-lethal - designed with the intent to scare or incapacitate the target, without killing or producing major, irreversible injuries.
There are two general types of firearms: handguns and long guns. Handguns, including revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, are held in a person's hand when fired. Long guns, including shotguns and rifles, are usually braced against the shoulder when firing.
To get more specific, “gun” is an umbrella term for anything that shoots a projectile, including the massive howitzers that fire artillery shells 20 miles. But a “firearm” is a rifle, pistol or any other kind of smaller, handheld gun.
As with fingerprints, every firearm has unique characteristics. The barrel of a weapon leaves distinct markings on a projectile. The breech mechanism also leaves distinct markings on the cartridge case. These markings are produced by the breech face itself, the firing pin, extractor, and ejector.
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