Until 1974, Dar es Salaam served
as Tanzania’s capital city, at which point the capital city commenced
transferring to Dodoma, which was officially completed in 1996. However,
as of 2018, it remains a focus of central government bureaucracy,
although this is in the process of fully moving to Dodoma. In addition,
it is Tanzania's most prominent city in arts, fashion, media, music,
film and television and a leading financial centre. The city is the
leading arrival and departure point for most tourists who visit
Tanzania, including the national parks for safaris and the islands of
Unguja and Pemba. Dar es Salaam is also the largest and most populous
Swahili-speaking city in the world.
It is the capital of the
co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, which is one of Tanzania's 31
administrative regions and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the
north, Ilala in the centre, Ubungo, Temeke in the south and Kigamboni in
the east across the Kurasini creek. The region had a population of
4,364,541 as of the official 2012 census.
In the 19th
century, Mzizima (Swahili for "healthy town") was a coastal fishing
village on the periphery of Indian Ocean trade routes.[5][6] In 1865 or
1866, Sultan Majid bin Said of Zanzibar began building a new city very
close to Mzizima[6] and named it Dar es Salaam. The name is commonly
translated as "abode/home of peace", based on the Arabic dar ("house"),
and the Arabic es salaam ("of peace").[6] Dar es Salaam fell into
decline after Majid's death in 1870, but was revived in 1887 when the
German East Africa Company established a station there. The town's
growth was facilitated by its role as the administrative and commercial
centre of German East Africa and industrial expansion resulting from the
construction of the Central Railway Line in the early 1900s.
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